Network Administration and Security (CCNA)

Alternative Job Titles for Network and Computer Systems Administrators

• Information Analyst
• Information Technology Specialist (IT Specialist)
• LAN Specialist (Local Area Network Specialist)
• Local Area Network Administrator (LAN Administrator)
• Network Administrator
• Network Coordinator
• Network Manager
• Systems Administrator

Job Tasks and Activities for Network and Computer Systems Administrators

• Analyze data to identify or resolve operational problems.
• Analyze equipment performance records to determine the need for repair or replacement.
• Analyze project data to determine specifications or requirements.
• Collaborate with others to resolve information technology issues.
• Collect data about customer needs.
• Conduct research to gain information about products or processes.
• Confer with network users about solutions to existing system problems.
• Configure, monitor, and maintain email applications or virus protection software.
• Coordinate resource procurement activities.
• Coordinate with vendors and with company personnel to facilitate purchases.
• Create electronic data backup to prevent loss of information.
• Design integrated computer systems.
• Design, configure, and test computer hardware, networking software and operating system software.
• Develop computer or information security policies or procedures.
• Diagnose, troubleshoot, and resolve hardware, software, or other network and system problems, and replace defective components when necessary.
• Document network-related activities or tasks.
• Document operational activities.
• Gather data pertaining to customer needs, and use the information to identify, predict, interpret, and evaluate system and network requirements.
• Identify information technology project resource requirements.
• Implement and provide technical support for voice services and equipment, such as private branch exchange, voice mail system, and telecom system.
• Implement security measures for computer or information systems.
• Install computer hardware.
• Load computer tapes and disks, and install software and printer paper or forms.
• Maintain an inventory of parts for emergency repairs.
• Maintain and administer computer networks and related computing environments, including computer hardware, systems software, applications software, and all configurations.
• Maintain computer networks to enhance performance and user access.
• Maintain logs related to network functions, as well as maintenance and repair records.
• Maintain the inventory of equipment.
• Monitor network performance to determine whether adjustments are needed and where changes will be needed in the future.
• Monitor the performance of computer networks.
• Operate master consoles to monitor the performance of computer systems and networks and to coordinate computer network access and use.
• Perform data backups and disaster recovery operations.
• Perform routine network startup and shutdown procedures, and maintain control records.
• Plan, coordinate, and implement network security measures to protect data, software, and hardware.
• Provide technical support for computer network issues.
• Recommend changes to improve computer or information systems.
• Recommend changes to improve systems and network configurations, and determine hardware or software requirements related to such changes.
• Research new technologies by attending seminars, reading trade articles, or taking classes, and implement or recommend the implementation of new technologies.
• Resolve computer network problems.
• Resolve computer software problems.
• Test computer hardware performance.
• Test software performance.
• Train others in computer interface or software use.
• Train people in computer system use.
• Troubleshoot issues with computer applications or systems.
• Update knowledge about emerging industry or technology trends.

Interests for Network and Computer Systems Administrators

• Conventional
  Following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting.
• Realistic
  Designing, building, or repairing equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors.
• Investigative
  Studying and researching scientific subjects and human behavior.

Skills for Network and Computer Systems Administrators

In order of importance

• Critical Thinking
  Thinking about the pros and cons of different ways to solve a problem.
  Importance: 72/100
• Systems Analysis
  Figuring out how a system should work and how changes in the future will affect it.
  Importance: 72/100
• Judgment and Decision Making
  Thinking about the pros and cons of different options and picking the best one.
  Importance: 72/100
• Reading Comprehension
  Reading work-related information.
  Importance: 72/100
• Troubleshooting
  Figuring out what is causing equipment, machines, wiring, or computer programs to not work.
  Importance: 69/100
• Systems Evaluation
  Measuring how well a system is working and how to improve it.
  Importance: 69/100
• Active Listening
  Listening to others, not interrupting, and asking good questions.
  Importance: 69/100
• Monitoring
  Keeping track of how well people and/or groups are doing in order to make improvements.
  Importance: 69/100
• Complex Problem Solving
  Noticing a problem and figuring out the best way to solve it.
  Importance: 69/100
• Programming
  Writing computer programs.
  Importance: 66/100
• Speaking
  Talking to others.
  Importance: 60/100
• Operations Monitoring
  Watching gauges, dials, or display screens to make sure a machine is working.
  Importance: 60/100
• Quality Control Analysis
  Testing how well a product or service works.
  Importance: 56/100
• Writing
  Writing things for co-workers or customers.
  Importance: 53/100
• Time Management
  Managing your time and the time of other people.
  Importance: 53/100
• Operations Analysis
  Figuring out what a product or service needs to be able to do.
  Importance: 53/100
• Active Learning
  Figuring out how to use new ideas or things.
  Importance: 53/100
• Service Orientation
  Looking for ways to help people.
  Importance: 50/100
• Mathematics
  Using math to solve problems.
  Importance: 50/100
• Social Perceptiveness
  Understanding people's reactions.
  Importance: 50/100
• Equipment Maintenance
  Planning and doing the basic maintenance on equipment.
  Importance: 50/100
• Coordination
  Changing what is done based on other people's actions.
  Importance: 50/100
• Management of Personnel Resources
  Selecting and managing the best workers for a job.
  Importance: 50/100
• Repairing
  Repairing machines or systems using the right tools.
  Importance: 50/100
• Operation and Control
  Using equipment or systems.
  Importance: 50/100
• Equipment Selection
  Deciding what kind of tools and equipment are needed to do a job.
  Importance: 47/100
• Instructing
  Teaching people how to do something.
  Importance: 47/100
• Management of Material Resources
  Managing equipment and materials.
  Importance: 44/100
• Learning Strategies
  Using the best training or teaching strategies for learning new things.
  Importance: 44/100
• Technology Design
  Making equipment and technology useful for customers.
  Importance: 44/100
• Persuasion
  Talking people into changing their minds or their behavior.
  Importance: 44/100
• Negotiation
  Bringing people together to solve differences.
  Importance: 38/100
• Installation
  Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or computer programs.
  Importance: 35/100
• Science
  Using scientific rules and strategies to solve problems.
  Importance: 31/100
• Management of Financial Resources
  Making spending decisions and keeping track of what is spent.
  Importance: 25/100

Knowledge for Network and Computer Systems Administrators

In order of importance

• Computers and Electronics
  Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
  Importance: 98/100
• English Language
  Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
  Importance: 71/100
• Customer and Personal Service
  Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
  Importance: 66/100
• Engineering and Technology
  Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
  Importance: 65/100
• Mathematics
  Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
  Importance: 55/100
• Telecommunications
  Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
  Importance: 55/100
• Administrative
  Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
  Importance: 53/100
• Administration and Management
  Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
  Importance: 49/100
• Education and Training
  Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
  Importance: 46/100
• Communications and Media
  Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
  Importance: 45/100
• Design
  Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
  Importance: 45/100
• Public Safety and Security
  Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
  Importance: 37/100
• Mechanical
  Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
  Importance: 34/100
• Production and Processing
  Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
  Importance: 32/100
• Personnel and Human Resources
  Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
  Importance: 30/100
• Law and Government
  Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
  Importance: 28/100
• Economics and Accounting
  Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
  Importance: 27/100
• Psychology
  Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
  Importance: 17/100
• Sales and Marketing
  Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
  Importance: 17/100
• Building and Construction
  Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
  Importance: 16/100
• Geography
  Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
  Importance: 16/100
• Physics
  Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
  Importance: 15/100
• Foreign Language
  Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
  Importance: 13/100
• Transportation
  Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
  Importance: 12/100
• Sociology and Anthropology
  Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
  Importance: 11/100
• Chemistry
  Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
  Importance: 9/100
• Medicine and Dentistry
  Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
  Importance: 8/100
• Philosophy and Theology
  Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
  Importance: 7/100
• Therapy and Counseling
  Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
  Importance: 6/100
• Food Production
  Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
  Importance: 5/100
• History and Archeology
  Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
  Importance: 5/100
• Biology
  Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
  Importance: 3/100
• Fine Arts
  Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
  Importance: 2/100

Physical Abilities for Network and Computer Systems Administrators

In order of importance

• Problem Sensitivity
  Noticing when problems happen.
  Importance: 75/100
• Information Ordering
  Ordering or arranging things.
  Importance: 72/100
• Written Comprehension
  Reading and understanding what is written.
  Importance: 72/100
• Deductive Reasoning
  Using rules to solve problems.
  Importance: 69/100
• Oral Expression
  Communicating by speaking.
  Importance: 69/100
• Inductive Reasoning
  Making general rules or coming up with answers from lots of detailed information.
  Importance: 69/100
• Near Vision
  Seeing details up close.
  Importance: 66/100
• Oral Comprehension
  Listening and understanding what people say.
  Importance: 63/100
• Speech Recognition
  Recognizing spoken words.
  Importance: 60/100
• Category Flexibility
  Grouping things in different ways.
  Importance: 56/100
• Written Expression
  Communicating by writing.
  Importance: 56/100
• Fluency of Ideas
  Coming up with lots of ideas.
  Importance: 56/100
• Flexibility of Closure
  Seeing hidden patterns.
  Importance: 53/100
• Selective Attention
  Paying attention to something without being distracted.
  Importance: 53/100
• Speech Clarity
  Speaking clearly.
  Importance: 53/100
• Originality
  Creating new and original ideas.
  Importance: 53/100
• Mathematical Reasoning
  Choosing the right type of math to solve a problem.
  Importance: 50/100
• Perceptual Speed
  Quickly comparing groups of letters, numbers, pictures, or other things.
  Importance: 50/100
• Number Facility
  Adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing.
  Importance: 50/100
• Far Vision
  Seeing details that are far away.
  Importance: 47/100
• Visual Color Discrimination
  Noticing the difference between colors, including shades and brightness.
  Importance: 47/100
• Visualization
  Imagining how something will look after it is moved around or changed.
  Importance: 47/100
• Finger Dexterity
  Putting together small parts with your fingers.
  Importance: 44/100
• Control Precision
  Quickly changing the controls of a machine, car, truck or boat.
  Importance: 44/100
• Memorization
  Remembering words, numbers, pictures, or steps.
  Importance: 44/100
• Time Sharing
  Doing two or more things at the same time.
  Importance: 41/100
• Arm-Hand Steadiness
  Keeping your arm or hand steady.
  Importance: 41/100
• Speed of Closure
  Quickly knowing what you are looking at.
  Importance: 41/100
• Manual Dexterity
  Holding or moving items with your hands.
  Importance: 38/100
• Wrist-Finger Speed
  Making fast, simple, repeated movements of your fingers, hands, and wrists.
  Importance: 31/100
• Auditory Attention
  Paying attention to one sound while there are other distracting sounds.
  Importance: 31/100
• Hearing Sensitivity
  Telling the difference between sounds.
  Importance: 28/100
• Rate Control
  Changing when and how fast you move based on how something else is moving.
  Importance: 25/100
• Extent Flexibility
  Bending, stretching, twisting, or reaching with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Importance: 25/100
• Depth Perception
  Deciding which thing is closer or farther away from you, or deciding how far away it is from you.
  Importance: 25/100
• Reaction Time
  Quickly moving your hand, finger, or foot based on a sound, light, picture or other command.
  Importance: 25/100
• Multilimb Coordination
  Using your arms and/or legs together while sitting, standing, or lying down.
  Importance: 19/100
• Response Orientation
  Quickly deciding if you should move your hand, foot, or other body part.
  Importance: 19/100
• Trunk Strength
  Using your lower back and stomach.
  Importance: 16/100
• Dynamic Strength
  Exercising for a long time without your muscles getting tired.
  Importance: 6/100

Tools and Technology used by Network and Computer Systems Administrators

• Network analyzers
• Cable accessories
• Hard disk arrays
• Server load balancer
• Punches or nail sets or drifts
• Interferometers
• Tape arrays
• Reflectometers
• Digital testers
• Power meters
• Wire lug crimping tool
• Screwdrivers
• Mainframe computers
• Network switches
• Computer tool kits
• Notebook computers
• Desktop computers
• Protocol analyzers
• Web platform development software
  • AJAX
  • Apache Struts
  • Apache Tomcat
  • Django
  • Drupal
  • Dynamic hypertext markup language DHTML
  • Enterprise JavaBeans
  • Extensible hypertext markup language XHTML
  • Hypertext markup language HTML
  • JavaScript
  • JavaScript Object Notation JSON
  • LAMP Stack
  • Microsoft ASP.NET
  • Microsoft ASP.NET Core MVC
  • Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP
  • Node.js
  • Oracle JavaServer Pages JSP
  • PHP
  • Ruby on Rails
• Data base user interface and query software
  • Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud EC2
  • Amazon Redshift
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • Blackboard software
  • Database software
  • FileMaker Pro
  • Microsoft Access
  • Microsoft SQL Server
  • Oracle Database
  • Oracle JDBC
  • ServiceNow
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Transact-SQL
• Network monitoring software
  • Dartware InterMapper
  • Ethereal
  • IBM Director
  • IBM NetView
  • Lavalys Everest
  • LogMatrix NerveCenter
  • Micromuse NetCool
  • Multi-router traffic grapher MRTG software
  • Nagios
  • Network and application load and performance testing software
  • Network and component performance analysis software
  • Network availability monitoring software
  • Network intrusion prevention systems NIPS
  • Network modeling, mapping, and analysis software
  • Network traffic flow monitoring and analysis software
  • Network traffic probe software
  • Novell NetWare Management Station
  • Online traffic calculator software
  • Oracle Net Manager
  • Packet tracing software
  • Quest BigBrother
  • Quest Foglight
  • Remote monitoring software
  • Snort
  • Tcpdump
  • Wireshark
  • Zabbix
• Development environment software
  • Adobe ActionScript
  • Apache Ant
  • Apache Kafka
  • Apache Maven
  • C
  • Common business oriented language COBOL
  • Eclipse IDE
  • Go
  • Integrated development environment IDE software
  • Microsoft .NET Framework
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • Microsoft PowerShell
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Edition VBScript
  • Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications VBA
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • Ruby
  • Systems and applications migration software
• Operating system software
  • Apple macOS
  • Bash
  • Hewlett Packard HP-UX
  • Job control language JCL
  • KornShell
  • Linux
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Microsoft Windows Server
  • Operating system software
  • Oracle Solaris
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux
  • Shell script
  • UNIX
  • UNIX Shell
  • Ubuntu
• Data base management system software
  • Amazon DynamoDB
  • Apache Cassandra
  • Apache Hadoop
  • Apache Hive
  • Apache Pig
  • Apache Solr
  • Elasticsearch
  • MongoDB
  • MySQL
  • NoSQL
  • Oracle PL/SQL
  • Relational database management software
  • Teradata Database
• Enterprise resource planning ERP software
  • Adexa eGPS Suite
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP software
  • Microsoft Dynamics
  • Microsoft Dynamics GP
  • NetSuite ERP
  • Oracle Fusion Applications
  • Oracle Hyperion
  • Oracle JD Edwards EnterpriseOne
  • Oracle PeopleSoft
  • Oracle PeopleSoft Financials
  • SAP Business Objects
  • SAP software
• Object or component oriented development software
  • Advanced business application programming ABAP
  • Apache Groovy
  • C#
  • C++
  • Jupyter Notebook
  • Microsoft ActiveX
  • Oracle Java
  • Perl
  • Python
  • Swift
  • jQuery
• Administration software
  • Cisco Systems CiscoWorks
  • Dynamic host configuration protocol DHCP
  • Element management software
  • Hewlett-Packard HP Network Node Manager
  • Network address management software
  • Network documentation software
  • Network management software
  • Network shutdown software
  • Simple network management protocol SNMP software
• Configuration management software
  • Application management software
  • Automated installation software
  • Chef
  • Configuration management software
  • Microsoft Windows Sysprep
  • Patch and update management software
  • Perforce Helix software
  • Puppet
• Enterprise application integration software
  • Atlassian Bamboo
  • Enterprise application integration EAI software
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • IBM InfoSphere DataStage
  • Microsoft SQL Server Integration Services SSIS
  • Oracle Fusion Middleware
  • Systems integration software
• Transaction security and virus protection software
  • Encryption software
  • Honeypot
  • McAfee
  • NortonLifeLock cybersecurity software
  • Packet filter software
  • Ping Identity
  • Root kit detection software
• Application server software
  • Citrix XenApp
  • Docker
  • GitHub
  • Oracle WebLogic Server
  • Red Hat OpenShift
  • Red Hat WildFly
• Business intelligence and data analysis software
  • Apache Spark
  • IBM Cognos Impromptu
  • MicroStrategy
  • Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition
  • Qlik Tech QlikView
  • Tableau
• Access software
  • Access management software
  • Citrix cloud computing software
  • IBM Tivoli software
  • Mac HelpMate
  • Remote desktop control software
• Network security or virtual private network VPN management software
  • Intrusion prevention system IPS
  • Network and system vulnerability assessment software
  • OpenService Open NerveCenter
  • Security incident management software
  • Virtual local area network management software
• Internet directory services software
  • Active directory software
  • Berkeley Internet Domain Name BIND
  • Domain name system DNS
  • Microsoft Active Directory
  • Network addressable storage NAS software
• Project management software
  • Atlassian Confluence
  • Microsoft Project
  • Microsoft Teams
  • Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management
• Electronic mail software
  • IBM Notes
  • Microsoft Exchange
  • Microsoft Outlook
• Desktop communications software
  • ParentSquare
  • Secure shell SSH software
  • Skype
• Network operating system enhancement software
  • Management information base MIB software
  • Network, server and operating system optimization software
  • Operating system process control software
• Network security and virtual private network VPN equipment software
  • Firewall software
  • Network intrusion detection software
  • Virtual private networking VPN software
• Analytical or scientific software
  • Root cause analysis software
  • SAS
  • StataCorp Stata
• Cloud-based management software
  • Amazon Web Services AWS CloudFormation
  • IBM WebSphere
  • Splunk Enterprise
• Geographic information system
  • ESRI ArcGIS software
  • Geographic information system GIS software
• Object oriented data base management software
  • Hibernate ORM
  • PostgreSQL
• Document management software
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • Microsoft SharePoint
• File versioning software
  • Apache Subversion SVN
  • Git
• Financial analysis software
  • Delphi Technology
  • Oracle E-Business Suite Financials
• Computer aided design CAD software
  • Computer aided design and drafting CADD software
  • Dassault Systemes CATIA
• Data base reporting software
  • Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services SSRS
  • SAP Crystal Reports
• Human resources software
  • Human resource management software HRMS
  • Oracle Taleo
• Internet protocol IP multimedia subsystem software
  • Open source routing protocols OSPF
  • Voice over internet protocol VoIP system software
• Backup or archival software
  • System and data disaster recovery software
  • Veritas NetBackup
• Program testing software
  • Computer system diagnostics software
  • Hewlett Packard LoadRunner
• Web page creation and editing software
  • Adobe Dreamweaver
  • Google Sites
• Storage networking software
  • Amazon Simple Storage Service S3
  • Storage area network SAN software
• Spreadsheet software
  • Microsoft Excel
• Metadata management software
  • Quest Erwin Data Modeler
• Medical software
  • Epic Systems
• Pattern design software
  • Diagramming software
• Content workflow software
  • Atlassian JIRA
• Authentication server software
  • Password management software
• Helpdesk or call center software
  • Help desk software
• Enterprise system management software
  • IBM Power Systems software
• Expert system software
  • Ansible software
• Clustering software
  • VMware
• Computer based training software
  • Computer based training software
  • Moodle
• Video conferencing software
  • Cisco Webex
• Communications server software
  • IBM Domino
• Desktop publishing software
  • Microsoft Publisher
• Portal server software
  • Apache HTTP Server
• Gateway software
  • Microsoft Windows Terminal Services Access Manager
• Customer relationship management CRM software
  • Blackbaud The Raiser's Edge
• Transaction server software
  • Customer information control system CICS
• Office suite software
  • Microsoft Office software
• Graphical user interface development software
  • TKSoftware RCM software
• Sales and marketing software
  • Marketo Marketing Automation
• Platform interconnectivity software
  • Virtual network computing VNC software
• Presentation software
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
• Cloud-based protection or security software
  • SolarWinds
• Computer imaging software
  • Symantec Ghost Solution Suite
• Requirements analysis and system architecture software
  • Requirements management software
• Industrial control software
  • Supervisory control and data acquisition SCADA software
• Switch or router software
  • Border Gateway Protocol BGP
• Process mapping and design software
  • Microsoft Visio
• Compiler and decompiler software
  • Command interpreters
• Optical network management software
  • Optical network management software

Employment Industries for Network and Computer Systems Administrators

• Computer systems design and related services
  55,300 employed
• Management of companies and enterprises
  21,700 employed
• Local government, excluding education and hospitals
  17,800 employed
• Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state
  12,000 employed
• Elementary and secondary schools; local
  11,700 employed
• Telecommunications
  9,500 employed
• Colleges, universities, and professional schools; private
  8,900 employed
• Credit intermediation and related activities (5221,3)
  8,700 employed
• State government, excluding education and hospitals
  8,700 employed
• Engineering services
  8,000 employed